Pepr
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_Type safe Kubernetes middleware for humans_
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Pepr simplifies Kubernetes management by providing an alternative to complex YAML configurations, custom scripts, and ad-hoc solutions.
As a Kubernetes controller, Pepr enables you to define Kubernetes transformations using TypeScript, accessible through straightforward configurations even without extensive development expertise.
Pepr transforms disparate implementation approaches into a cohesive, well-structured, and maintainable system.
With Pepr, you can efficiently convert organizational knowledge into code, improving documentation, testing, validation, and change management for more predictable outcomes.
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Features
- Zero-config K8s Mutating and Validating Webhooks plus Controller generation
- Automatic leader-elected K8s resource watching
- Lightweight async key-value store backed by K8s for stateful operations with the Pepr Store
- Human-readable fluent API for generating Pepr Capabilities
- A fluent API for creating/modifying/watching and server-side applying K8s resources via Kubernetes Fluent Client
- Generate new K8s resources based off of cluster resource changes
- Perform other exec/API calls based off of cluster resources changes or any other arbitrary schedule
- Out of the box airgap support with Zarf
- Entire NPM ecosystem available for advanced operations
- Realtime K8s debugging system for testing/reacting to cluster changes
- Controller network isolation and tamper-resistant module execution
- Least-privilege RBAC generation
- AMD64 and ARM64 support
Example Pepr Action
This quick sample shows how to react to a ConfigMap being created or updated in the cluster. It adds a label and annotation to the ConfigMap and adds some data to the ConfigMap. It also creates a Validating Webhook to make sure the "pepr" label still exists. Finally, after the ConfigMap is created, it logs a message to the Pepr controller and creates or updates a separate ConfigMap with the kubernetes-fluent-client using server-side apply. For more details see actions section.
When(a.ConfigMap)
.IsCreatedOrUpdated()
.InNamespace("pepr-demo")
.WithLabel("example", "value")
// Create a Mutate Action for the ConfigMap
.Mutate(request => {
// Add a label and annotation to the ConfigMap
request.SetLabel("pepr", "was-here").SetAnnotation("pepr.dev", "annotations-work-too");
// Add some data to the ConfigMap
request.Raw.data["doug-says"] = "Pepr is awesome!";
// Log a message to the Pepr controller logs
Log.info("A ConfigMap was created or updated:");
})
// Create a Validate Action for the ConfigMap
.Validate(request => {
// Validate the ConfigMap has a specific label
if (request.HasLabel("pepr")) {
return request.Approve();
}
// Reject the ConfigMap if it doesn't have the label
return request.Deny("ConfigMap must have the required pepr label");
})
// Watch behaves like controller-runtime's Manager.Watch()
.Watch(async (cm, phase) => {
Log.info(cm, ConfigMap was ${phase}.);
// Apply a ConfigMap using K8s server-side apply (will create or update)
await K8s(kind.ConfigMap).Apply({
metadata: {
name: "pepr-ssa-demo",
namespace: "pepr-demo-2",
},
data: {
uid: cm.metadata.uid,
},
});
});
Prerequisites
- Node.js v20.0.0+ (even-numbered releases only)
- npm v10.1.0+
- Recommended (optional) tools:
npx pepr dev. Pepr modules include npm run k3d-setup if you want to test locally with K3d and Docker.
Quick Start Guide
# Create a new Pepr Module
npx pepr init
If you already have a K3d cluster you want to use, skip this step
npm run k3d-setup
Start playing with Pepr now!
If using Kind, or another local k8s distro instead,
run npx pepr dev --host <your_hostname>
npx pepr dev
kubectl apply -f capabilities/hello-pepr.samples.yaml[!TIP]
Don't use IP as your --host, it's not supported. Make sure to check your
local k8s distro documentation how to reach your localhost, which is where
pepr dev is serving the code from.Concepts
Module
A module is the top-level collection of capabilities.
It is a single, complete TypeScript project that includes an entry point to load all the configuration and capabilities, along with their actions.
During the Pepr build process, each module produces a secret containing the transpiled and compressed TypeScript code.
Modules with Mutate() or Validate() actions also produce the corresponding Kubernetes MutatingWebhookConfiguration or ValidatingWebhookConfiguration resources.
Modules without admission, watch, queue, finalize, or schedule actions still deploy their module code with an isolated admission controller, but do not produce webhook configuration resources unless admission actions are defined.
See Module for more details.
Capability
A capability is set of related actions that work together to achieve a specific transformation or operation on Kubernetes resources. Capabilities are user-defined and can include one or more actions. They are defined within a Pepr module and can use MutatingWebhookConfigurations, ValidatingWebhookConfigurations, watchers, queues, or schedules depending on the actions they contain. A Capability can have a specific scope, such as mutating or validating, and can be reused in multiple Pepr modules.
See Capabilities for more details.
Action
Action is a discrete set of behaviors defined in a single function that acts on a given Kubernetes GroupVersionKind (GVK) passed in from Kubernetes. Actions are the atomic operations that are performed on Kubernetes resources by Pepr.
For example, an action could be responsible for adding a specific label to a Kubernetes resource, or for modifying a specific field in a resource's metadata. Actions can be grouped together within a Capability to provide a more comprehensive set of operations that can be performed on Kubernetes resources.
There are both Mutate() and Validate() Actions that can be used to modify or validate Kubernetes resources within the admission controller lifecycle.
There are also Watch() and Reconcile() actions that can be used to watch for changes to Kubernetes resources that already exist.
Finally, the Finalize() can be used after Watch() or Reconcile() to perform cleanup operations when the resource is deleted.
See actions for more details.
Logical Pepr Flow
TypeScript
TypeScript is a strongly typed, object-oriented programming language built on top of JavaScript. It provides optional static typing and a rich type system, allowing developers to write more robust code. TypeScript is transpiled to JavaScript, enabling it to run in any environment that supports JavaScript. Pepr allows you to use JavaScript or TypeScript to write capabilities, but TypeScript is recommended for its type safety and rich type system. See the TypeScript docs to learn more.
Community
To join our channel go to Kubernetes Slack and join the #pepr channel.
[contributors]: https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=defenseunicorns/pepr [![Contributor Chart][contributors]](https://github.com/defenseunicorns/pepr/graphs/contributors)
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